Me ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻenehana a me ke kūlanakauhale, ua lilo ka wai hoʻoneʻe kiʻekiʻe i mea pilikia koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi. ʻAʻole i loaʻa wale i ka wai ʻino nui ka nui o nā mea olaola, nā mea inorganic, nā metala kaumaha a me nā mea ʻino ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o kāna ʻano ma mua o ka hoʻolālā a me ka hiki ke mālama ʻia o nā keʻena mālama wai maʻamau. No laila, he mea koʻikoʻi ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino a me ka hoʻokuʻu maʻamau.
1. Ka wehewehe a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka wai ʻino ka nui o ka wai ʻino, ʻo ia ka mea maʻamau e pili ana i ka wai ʻino i loaʻa ka nui o nā mea olaola, nā metala kaumaha, nā mea ʻawaʻawa a me nā mea ʻino a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā mea haumia i loko o ka wai ʻino ma mua o ka wai ʻino maʻamau, a paʻakikī ke mālama ʻia. Hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻano mea haumia like ʻole, e like me nā mea organik, nā metala kaumaha, nā mea radioactive, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hiki i kekahi mau mea haumia ke loaʻa i nā hopena pale i nā microorganism a pili i ka hopena o ka mālama olaola, he paʻakikī ke wehe ʻia e nā ʻano lapaʻau biological maʻamau.
2. Ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka wai ʻōpala kiʻekiʻe i ka wai ʻino: ʻo ka wai ʻino i hana ʻia ma ke kaʻina hana kemika he nui nā mea ola, nā metala kaumaha a me nā mea haumia ʻē aʻe. ʻOihana lāʻau lapaʻau: ʻo ka wai ʻōpala lāʻau lapaʻau ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa ka nui o nā mea organik, nā lāʻau antibiotic, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, paʻakikī ke mālama. ʻO ka ʻoihana lole a me ka lole lole: ʻo ka wai ʻino i hana ʻia e kēia mau ʻoihana i loaʻa ka nui o nā mea organik biodegradable a me ka chromaticity. Electroplating a me metallurgy: Hoʻopuka ʻia ka wai ʻino i loko o nā metala kaumaha a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa i ka wā electroplating a me ka metallurgy.
3. ʻenehana koʻikoʻi o nā ʻenehana hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻino nui kiʻekiʻe ʻO ka mea maʻamau ma o nā ʻano kino a i ʻole kemika e wehe i nā mea nui, nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai ʻino, e hana i nā kūlana no ka mālama ʻana ma hope. E hoʻohana pū ʻo ia i nā ʻenehana oxidation kiʻekiʻe e like me Fenton oxidation, ozone oxidation, ma o ka hana ʻana i ka oxidant ikaika e hoʻohuli i nā mea kūlohelohe refractory i nā mea hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia. E hoʻohana i ka hana metabolic o nā microorganisms e hoʻoneʻe i nā mea ola i loko o ka wai ʻōpala. No ka wai ʻino nui, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kaʻina hana anaerobic a me aerobic e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena lapaʻau. Hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā mea tic i ka wai ʻino e nā ʻano kino ma o nā ʻenehana hoʻokaʻawale membrane e like me ka ultrafiltration a me ka reverse osmosis. Ma o ka ua kemika, hoʻololi ion, adsorption a me nā ʻenehana lapaʻau kaumaha ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia e wehe i nā ion metala kaumaha i loko o ka wai ʻino. No laila, no ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā mea hana, he mea nui ia e hōʻoia i ka hiki ʻana o ka effluent i ka maʻamau, koho kūpono i ke kaʻina hana, mālama pono i ke kaʻina hana, hoʻoikaika i ka pretreatment, hoʻopaʻa i nā ʻāpana hana a me ka ʻike maʻamau a me ka loiloi. Inā loaʻa nā pilikia, e hana i ka manawa kūpono e hoʻoponopono ai.
Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi o kona ʻano wai, ʻo ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe he koi ʻenehana koʻikoʻi no nā mea hana. Pono e loaʻa i ka ʻenehana huahana maikaʻi, ka ʻike papahana, a me ka manaʻo o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻano i nā kūlana kūloko e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka effluent o nā lako hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻino i ka maʻamau. ʻO ka mālama kaiapuni ʻo Jiading he hale hana koʻikoʻi i ka ʻoihana mālama wai no nā makahiki he ʻumi, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma ka ʻāina ʻo Jiangsu, radiation i ka ʻāina holoʻokoʻa, e kū ana i nā ʻāina ʻē, he pūʻulu mana ʻenehana huahana koʻikoʻi.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-12-2024